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toilet training
Toilet training, or potty training, is the process of training a young child to use the toilet for urination and defecation, though training may start with a smaller toilet bowl-shaped device (often known as a potty). Cultural factors play a large part in what age is deemed appropriate, with the expectation for being potty trained ranging from 12 months for some tribes in Africa to 36 months in the modern United States. Most children can control their bowel before their bladder, boys typically start and finish later than girls, and it usually takes boys longer to learn to stay dry throughout the night, however it depends on the maturity and consistency of the particular child.
==Modern practice==
Most people advise that toilet training is a mutual task, requiring cooperation, agreement and understanding between the child and the caregiver, and the best potty training techniques emphasize consistency and positive reinforcement over punishment – making it enjoyable for the child. The vast majority of studies concentrate on children 18 months old and older. For that time frame, research suggests that children over 24 months train faster and girls train slightly faster than boys.〔(Toilet Training Your Child ). FamilyDoctor.org. Retrieved on 2012-01-23.〕〔(Surviving Toilet Training ). Childwelfare.gov. Retrieved on 2012-01-23.〕〔(Health: Toddlers and toilet training ). BBC. Retrieved on 2012-01-23.〕
One of the ways to potty train a child is through potty training songs that make this task enjoyable for the child. There are songs that show the sequence of the steps needed from the child's perspective.〔(). B〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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